Resample

This demo shows how to change the sampling rate of EEG data through resampling.

What is Resampling?

Resampling changes the number of samples per second in your data. EegFun's resample function supports downsampling — reducing the sampling rate by an integer factor (e.g., 2048 Hz → 512 Hz with factor 2).

Note: Upsampling (increasing the sampling rate) is not currently supported.

Why Resample?

Downsampling benefits:

• Reduce file size: Fewer samples = less disk space

• Speed up processing: Faster filtering, epoching, time-frequency analysis

• Match dataset requirements: Some analyses expect specific rates

• Remove unnecessary detail: Most ERP information is below 50 Hz

The Nyquist Theorem

The sampling rate must be at least 2× the highest frequency in your signal:

• 250 Hz sampling → Can represent frequencies up to 125 Hz

• 500 Hz sampling → Can represent frequencies up to 250 Hz

• 1000 Hz sampling → Can represent frequencies up to 500 Hz

For ERP research:

• Most ERP components are below 30-50 Hz

• 250-500 Hz sampling is typically adequate

• Higher rates needed for high-frequency oscillations (gamma: 30-100 Hz)

Anti-Aliasing

When downsampling, always lowpass filter first to prevent aliasing:

Bad practice (aliasing risk):

dat_new = resample(dat, 4)  # Downsample by 4× WITHOUT filtering

Good practice (safe downsampling):

# If original rate is 2048 Hz and downsampling to 512 Hz:
# Filter at ~200 Hz (below new Nyquist of 256 Hz)
lowpass_filter!(dat, 200)
dat_new = resample(dat, 4)  # Now safe to downsample

EegFun's resample function uses simple decimation (keeping every factor-th sample) — it does not apply anti-aliasing automatically. Always lowpass filter before downsampling to prevent aliasing artifacts.

Downsampling Factors

The demo shows downsampling by factors of 2 and 4:

dat_new = resample(dat, 2)  # Divide rate by 2 (e.g., 2048 → 1024 Hz)
dat_new = resample(dat, 4)  # Divide rate by 4 (e.g., 2048 → 512 Hz)

Common downsampling targets:

Original Rate	Factor	Target Rate
2048 Hz	4	512 Hz
2048 Hz	8	256 Hz
1024 Hz	4	256 Hz
1024 Hz	2	512 Hz
512 Hz	2	256 Hz

Trigger Preservation

The demo verifies that triggers are preserved during resampling:

trigger_count(dat)      # Original trigger count
trigger_count(dat_new)  # Should match after resampling

Trigger timing is automatically adjusted to match the new sampling rate.

When to Resample

Resample early in your pipeline:

1. Load raw data

2. Resample (if needed)

3. Filter

4. Epoch

5. Analyze

This minimizes processing time for subsequent steps.

Don't resample after epoching unless necessary - it's more efficient to resample continuous data first.

Workflow Summary

This demo demonstrates:

1. Load continuous data at original sampling rate

2. Check current rate with sample_rate()

3. Downsample by factor (2× and 4×)

4. Verify new rate matches expected value

5. Verify triggers preserved with trigger_count()

Best Practices

Choose appropriate target rate:

• 250 Hz: Minimum for standard ERP work

• 500 Hz: Good balance for most EEG applications

• 1000+ Hz: Needed for high-frequency analyses

Filter before downsampling:

• Prevents aliasing artifacts

• Use lowpass filter at ~80% of new Nyquist frequency

Document the change:

• Always note original and resampled rates in your analysis notes

• Important for interpretation and reproducibility

Code Examples

Show Code

# Demo: Resampling
# Shows how to resample data to different sampling rates.

# Note: EegFun.example_path() resolves bundled example data paths.
# When using your own data, simply pass the file path directly, e.g.:
# dat = EegFun.read_raw_data("/path/to/your/data.bdf")

using EegFun
using GLMakie

# read raw data
dat = EegFun.read_raw_data(EegFun.example_path("data/bdf/example1.bdf"));

# read and prepare layout file
layout = EegFun.read_layout(EegFun.example_path("layouts/biosemi/biosemi72.csv"));
EegFun.polar_to_cartesian_xy!(layout)

# create EegFun data structure (EegFun.ContinuousData)
dat = EegFun.create_eegfun_data(dat, layout);

EegFun.sample_rate(dat)      # current sample rate
EegFun.trigger_count(dat)    # current triggers in file
EegFun.plot_databrowser(dat) # view current data

dat_new = EegFun.resample(dat, 2) # downsample by a factor of 2
EegFun.sample_rate(dat_new)       # should = original ÷ 2
EegFun.trigger_count(dat_new)     # triggers should be preserved
EegFun.plot_databrowser(dat_new)  # view current data


dat_new = EegFun.resample(dat, 4) # downsample by a factor of 4
EegFun.sample_rate(dat_new)       # should = original ÷ 4
EegFun.trigger_count(dat_new)     # triggers should be preserved
EegFun.plot_databrowser(dat_new)  # view current data

See Also

• API Reference